Castles and fortified cities of medieval Europe

Contents: 1.) The decline of fortification from the 5th to the 9th centuries; 2.) The revival of military architecture from the 10th to the 12th centuries; 3.) The evolution and apogee of medieval castles in the 13th and 14th centuries; 4.) Transitional fortifications in the 15th and 16th centuries; 5.) European towns from the 12th to the 16th century.